.. post:: 2008-11-02 21:01:00 Python gems of my own ===================== **Note**: I'm launching a redesign today to address the styling issues. Please bear with me A great example of how this month of blog posting is spawning great content on the interwebs. `Other Eric `_ posted a gems of python post, in which he pointed out some of the neat functions that he uses. The python stdlib has a ridiculous amount of really really useful things inside of it, and it's hard to know what even exists there. I love posts like that, that point to some neat little utility functions and tricks that make things really nice. In that spirit, here is my own list of Python Gems 1. urlparse ~~~~~~~~~~~ `urlparse `_ is a really handy piece of functionality if you are trying to deal with URLs on the web. As per usual, an example shows it best. :: >>> from urlparse import urlparse >>> urlparse('http://www.ericholscher.com/example/dir/') ('http', 'www.ericholscher.com', '/example/dir/', '', '', '') >>> urlparse('http://www.ericholscher.com/example/dir?query=r0x0r#awesome-part') ('http', 'www.ericholscher.com', '/example/dir', '', 'query=r0x0r', 'awesome-part') >>> parsed = urlparse('http://www.ericholscher.com/example/dir?query=r0x0r#awesome-part') >>> parsed.path '/example/dir' >>> parsed.scheme 'http' I was looking for a good way to check for relative versus absolute urls, and this made it really easy. Also incredibly easy to check for the type of link (http, https, mailto, ftp). You can access the data via the named patterns or as a list. 2. inspect ~~~~~~~~~~ The entire `inspect `_ module is incredibly useful. I was looking through the Django source, which is where I stumbled upon it. It is used inside the `simple tag `_ code for Django templates. ``getargspec`` is really handy, but there is a lot of really interesting stuff in that file. I don't have anything that I can show quite yet, but I'm going to use the inspect stuff in an upcoming snippet. Here is a simple use case. :: >>> import inspect >>> def test(a, b=True, *args, **kwargs): ... pass ... >>> inspect.getargspec(test) (['a', 'b'], 'args', 'kwargs', (True,)) >>> import django >>> inspect.getmodule(test) >>> inspect.getfile(django) '/Users/ericholscher/Sites/EH/django/__init__.pyc' >>> inspect.getsourcefile(django) '/Users/ericholscher/Sites/EH/django/__init__.py' >>> inspect.ismodule(django) True >>> inspect.isbuiltin(django) False As you can see, there is lots of really nice stuff in there. 3. Generator expressions ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These are very similar to list comprehensions, except they are evaluated lazily. They are described "as a high performance, memory efficient generalization of list comprehensions and generators". The only difference in syntax is that you use a () instead of a [] around the comprehension. :: >>> iter = (x for x in range(1,5)) >>> reg = [x for x in range(1,10)] >>> iter >>> reg [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> iter.next() 1 >>> iter.next() 2 >>> for x in iter: ... print x ... 3 4 The main use case that I have seen for this is if your list comprehension is going to take a lot of memory. If you aren't sure you're going to need all of it, or don't want to store it all in memory, then you can use the iterator. It will then get generated on demand when you need it. If you want to create your own generator, you simply use the yield keyword instead of return. Python makes this really easy! 4. 128 ~~~~~~ **Note**: Some commenters pointed out that this is also re.DEBUG. `James Tauber `_ has a nice post explaining it more in depth. I don't know if this is documented in the Official python documentation, but it is an incredibly useful regex debugging tool. You can pass in 128 to your re.compile() function and get the parse tree back out! Really neat, check it out: :: >>> import re >>> re.compile('(\w+): (<.*?>)', 128) subpattern 1 max_repeat 1 65535 in category category_word literal 58 literal 32 subpattern 2 literal 60 min_repeat 0 65535 any None literal 62 <_sre.SRE_Pattern object at 0x29f278> >>> re.compile('Ahoy Globe', 128) literal 65 literal 104 literal 111 literal 121 literal 32 literal 71 literal 108 literal 111 literal 98 literal 101 <_sre.SRE_Pattern object at 0x267920> Isn't that neat? 5. enumerate ~~~~~~~~~~~~ `enumerate `_ is very similar to the zip function that Eric talked about in his post. It is useful in those cases where you want to know the index of something in a list, but don't want to do i += 1. :: >>> buddy_list = ['frank', 'liza', 'bob'] >>> for love, person in enumerate(buddy_list): ... if love > 1: ... print "%s is not loved" % person ... else: ... print "I love %s" % person ... I love frank I love liza bob is not loved >>> for place, person in enumerate(buddy_list): ... print place, person ... 0 frank 1 liza 2 bob That's it for today. As Eric said (not talking in the third person), there are lots of little awesome hidden corners of Python. I'd love to hear about the things that you find really useful.